In the European Union, for example, companies that do not protect the data of Country Email List residents of the bloc are subject to fines . The third challenge is economic. New technologies give a competitive advantage to large Country Email List companies, which can amass enormous global market power. Economies of scale and range, along with Country Email List network effects, can lead to monopolistic situations; meanwhile, mercantilist policies and other government practices can lead some companies to.
Obtain apparently unfair advantages. For example, thanks to state surveillance, Chinese Country Email List companies have been able to amass vast amounts of data, which in turn allowed them to gain a dominant position in t the global market for facial recognition technologies. A common response to these challenges is to call for more international coordination and global standards . Transnational cooperation in regulation and defense of competition should allow the creation of Country Email List new standards and control mechanisms; and where a truly global response is not possible (which may occur, for example, due Country Email List to the deep divergences between authoritarian and democratic countries in terms of privacy), democracies can still.
Cooperate with each other and develop joint regulations. The benefits of common regulations are clear, since i Country Email List n their absence, practices such as localization of data, rules on the use of local clouds and discrimination in Country Email Listfavor of leading national companies create economic inefficiencies, to the extent that they segment markets. nationals. They reduce the benefits of trade and prevent companies from reaping the benefits of economies of scale. And Country Email List governments are at constant risk that their regulations will not be effective against companies operating from jurisdictions with more lax rules. But in a world where the preferences of countries are different, the application of international standards (even when feasible) is inefficient in a broader sense. Any global order must balance between the benefits of international trade (which are greatest when.